A person holds up a sign during a pro-Palestine rally in Montreal, Sunday, Nov. 12, 2023. A debate is raging over a phrase being chanted by pro-Palestinian activists at rallies across the country. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Graham Hughes
CALGARY – Prosecutors have stayed a charge against a man who was arrested in Calgary after he repeatedly used a phrase heard at pro-Palestinian rallies across the country, as a debate rages over the contentious chant.
Police charged Wesam Cooley, also known as Wesam Khalid, earlier this month with causing a disturbance. A hate motivation was applied.
“The Alberta Crown Prosecution Service independently and thoroughly reviewed the material once it was provided to us,” spokeswoman Michelle Davio said in an emailed statement Friday.
“The ACPS determined there was no reasonable likelihood of conviction on the charge laid. As this matter did not meet the ACPS threshold for prosecution, the matter was stayed.”
Cooley’s lawyer, Zachary Al-Khatib, has said it appears his client was arrested for chanting “from the river to the sea, Palestinians will be free.”
He said there’s nothing hateful about calling for freedom and equality for Palestinians from the Mediterranean Sea to the Jordan River.
“It is unfortunate that a Calgary police officer acted as he did in this situation,” he said in an email before he was notified of the stay.
“None of us – no matter our stance on this conflict – should want our society to be a place where political speech is criminalized. Ideas and political slogans should be debated and decided in the public square.”
Police have said two groups of protesters gathered at city hall on Nov. 5 to show support for Palestine and Israel amid the conflict in the Middle East. Officers met with each group to address the safety of participants and discuss some of the language and signage from past protests.
Police had alleged Cooley took to the stage, acknowledged the conversation with officers then repeatedly used an “antisemitic phrase” while encouraging the crowd to follow along.
Cooley, Al-Khatib said, was apparently told police had discouraged the use of the chant.
Calgary police said in a statement Wednesday that the charge considered the “circumstances and full context of the behaviour.”
“The behaviour that led to charges was considered in the context of the specific situation, all of which is broader than a single phrase, gesture, sign or symbol in isolation.”
Police had recommended the court consider using a section of the Criminal Code that allows for an increased sentence if the suspect is convicted and there’s enough evidence the offence was motivated by hatred.
The phrase “from the river to the sea” has become a battle cry to roil Jews and pro-Palestinian activists since the deadly attacks by Hamas across southern Israel on Oct. 7 and Israel’s later bombardment of the Gaza Strip.
It has been used by protesters at rallies across the country, including in Montreal, where gunshots have been fired at Jewish schools.
Protesters who surrounded a Vancouver bar Tuesday night when Prime Minister Justin Trudeau was there also chanted the phrase.
Many pro-Palestinian activists have said the chant is a call for peace and equality after 75 years of Israeli statehood.
Canadians for Justice and Peace in the Middle East said in a statement that it’s a simple call for freedom.
“We are appalled at the shocking overreach “¦ in carrying out this arrest, which is an example of anti-Palestinian racism,” president Thomas Woodley said before the charge was stayed.
Jewish activists, however, said they hear a clear demand for Israel’s destruction in the chant.
Yair Szlak, president and CEO of Jewish advocacy organization Federation CJA, said he considers it an example of hate speech.
“Israel is bordered “¦ on one hand by the Jordan River and on the other side by the Mediterranean Sea,” he said ahead of the stay. “When you have “¦ people chanting ‘from the river to the sea, Palestine will be free,’ the question I would pose is: Where do the Jewish people go?
“Going into the ocean is not an answer. That is hate speech, that is targeting a group of people and saying you don’t belong in that country.”
Szlak said the chant creates “psychological terrorism” for Jewish people.
James Turk, director of the Centre for Free Expression at Toronto Metropolitan University, said the phrase is considered hateful to many in the Jewish community and aspirational for many Palestinians.
“People hear it different ways, people mean it different ways,” he said.
Speaking before the stay was entered, Turk added that he would be surprised if prosecutors allowed the charge to proceed to trial.
“Even if it’s the hateful version of it, I don’t think it’s illegal speech in Canada,” he said.
“The Supreme Court around freedom of expression generally is very clear that what underlies the reason for free expression “¦ is its basis of ongoing public discourse, which is the foundation of democracy.”
Turk said it’s legally not enough to be offended by a phrase.
“The fact that I’ve been deeply hurt by somebody’s advocacy for Palestine or for Israel is the price of being in a democratic society,” he said. “My right when I hear that is to denounce it.
“For the police department in Calgary to say, ‘Well, we’re not going to allow that kind of thing because some portion of the population finds it deeply offensive and hurtful,’ that’s not how expression of freedom in a democratic society should work.”
– With files from Thomas MacDonald in Montreal and The Associated Press
This report by The Canadian Press was first published on Nov. 17, 2023.
